培养有工程素养的下一代 ——美国K-12工程教育政策文本的多维分析

Abstract

随着世界各国对创新人才需求的增加，工程教育逐渐受到重视。K-12阶段是学生身心健康发展的重要阶段，将工程教育融入K-12阶段有助于培养学生的实践能力、创新能力以及团队合作能力等，是培养创新型人才的重要途径。本文通过对六部美国K-12工程教育政策文件的发布机构、参与起草人员、面向对象、总体目标以及文本内容的分析，发现了美国K-12工程教育政策文本具有关注现实情况、注重公平性、强调实践能力、推动学科整合、标准化发展五个特征，对我国中小学工程教育的发展有一定参考意义。 With the increasing demand for innovative talents in the world, engineering education has been paid more and more attention. K-12 stage is an important stage for students' physical and mental health development. Integrating engineering education into K-12 stage is helpful to cultivate students' practical ability, innovation ability and teamwork ability, and is an important way to cultivate innovative talents. By analyzing the issuing institutions, participants in drafting, object-oriented, overall objectives and text contents of six K-12 engineering education policy documents in the United States, this paper finds that the K-12 engineering education policy documents in the United States have five characteristics: attention to the reality, emphasis on equity, emphasis on practical ability, promotion of discipline integration and standardization development. It will be of some reference significance for the development of K-12 engineering education in our country.