Exploring the Effects of AI Feedback on Affective-Motivational Outcomes in Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Despite the growing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in language learning, there is still a lack of research on the effects of AI feedback on language learning, particularly affective-motivational outcomes in language learning. Through a meta-analysis based on 14 empirical studies, this study aims to explore the impact of AI feedback on learners’ affective-motivational outcomes in language learning and identify relevant moderating variables. The study reports a large and significant effect size (g = 0.850, p < 0.001), and educational level, intervention duration, as well as affective-motivational factor are the moderating factors that explain the variance of the effect size. The research findings provide insights for educators on integrating AI feedback into teaching design and also offer a reference for future directions in related research.