Parental Involvement in Children’s Programming Learning: A Review and Future Directions

Abstract

This study reviewed 15 international empirical studies to explore parental involvement in children’s programming learning. The findings indicate that parental involvement significantly enhances children’s learning interest, self-efficacy, and problem-solving abilities. However, these effects are moderated by factors such as parental knowledge, children’s cognitive development, and cultural differences, while excessive intervention may hinder children’s autonomy. Future research should focus on the following prospects: (1) tracking long-term effects, (2) verifying the interactions between parental self-efficacy and knowledge, (3) deepening the compatibility between children’s cognitive development and programming tools, and (4) conducting cross-cultural comparative studies. This research provides theoretical and practical insights for optimizing children’s programming learning outcomes, supporting their holistic development in the digital age.